The museum, established in 1922 by Kaunas City Municipality, holds the distinction of being one of the oldest museums in independent Lithuania. Vincas Ruzgas (1890-1972), a renowned pedagogue, textbook author, and public figure, served as the museum's initiator and long-standing director. Under Ruzgas' leadership from 1922 to 1940, the museum not only served as a hub for teacher training and youth education but also emerged as a prominent cultural center in Kaunas during that era. In 1958, the museum underwent a name change to the Republican Pedagogical Museum, reopening its doors to visitors and showcasing its exhibits. In 1980, a new exposition was unveiled, providing a comprehensive overview of the development of education in Lithuania. Following a change in ownership in 2002, the museum was renamed the Kaunas County Pedagogical Museum. Over its 84-year history, the museum has relocated nine times, with B. Šukvietis and J. Bielskis also assuming managerial roles alongside V. Ruzgas. In 2010, the museum underwent another name change, becoming the Lithuanian Museum of the History of Education, and in 2023, it was rebranded as the Lithuanian Museum of Education.